Biological Sciences

BIOL 11000 - Fundamentals of Biology I - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 11000/11100 is a two-semester principles of biology sequence that introduces students to the major concepts of the discipline, with emphasis on the experimental and logical basis of the information presented. BIOL 11000/11100 includes lectures and laboratories that begin with atoms and build to the diversity of life. Topics include chemistry, biochemistry of macromolecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis, respiration, evolution, the diversity of life and DNA structure and replication.

BIOL 11000 - Fundamentals of Biology I - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 11000/11100 is a two-semester principles of biology sequence that introduces students to the major concepts of the discipline, with emphasis on the experimental and logical basis of the information presented.  BIOL 11000/11100 includes lectures and laboratories that begin with atoms and build to the diversity of life.  Topics include chemistry, biochemistry of macromolecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis, respiration, evolution, the diversity of life and DNA structure and replication.

BIOL 11000 - Fundamentals of Biology I - Session Offered: Summer Jun 14-Aug 6

BIOL 110/111 is a two-semester principles of biology sequence that introduces students to the major concepts of the discipline, with emphasis on the experimental and logical basis of the information presented. BIOL 110/111 includes lectures and laboratories that begin with atoms and build to the diversity of life. Topics include chemistry, biochemistry of macromolecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis, respiration, evolution, the diversity of life and DNA structure and replication.

BIOL 11100 - Fundamentals of Biology II - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 11100 focuses on genetics, molecular biology, physiology and development.

BIOL 11100 - Fundamentals of Biology II - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 11100 focuses on genetics, molecular biology, physiology and development.

BIOL 11200 - Fundamentals of Biology I - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 11200/11300 is a two-semester principles of biology sequence for biotechnology minors only that introduces students to the major concepts of the discipline, with emphasis on the experimental and logical basis of the information presented.  BIOL 11200/11300 includes lectures that begin with atoms and build to the diversity of life.  Topics include chemistry, biochemistry of macromolecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis, respiration, evolution, the diversity of life and DNA structure and replication.   This course is intended as the first semester of two semesters.  These courses are NOT independent and should be taken in sequence.

BIOL 11200 - Fundamentals of Biology I - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 11200/11300 is a two-semester principles of biology sequence for biotechnology minors only that introduces students to the major concepts of the discipline, with emphasis on the experimental and logical basis of the information presented.  BIOL 11200/11300 includes lectures that begin with atoms and build to the diversity of life.  Topics include chemistry, biochemistry of macromolecules, cell structure and function, photosynthesis, respiration, evolution, the diversity of life and DNA structure and replication.   This course is intended as the first semester of two semesters.  These courses are NOT independent and should be taken in sequence.

BIOL 11300 - Fundamentals of Biology II - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 11300 is for biotechnology minors only and focuses on genetics, molecular biology, physiology and development.

BIOL 11300 - Fundamentals of Biology II - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 11300 is for biotechnology minors only and focuses on genetics, molecular biology, physiology and development.

BIOL 11500 - Biology Resource Seminar - Session Offered: Fall

The Biology Resource Seminar is a one-credit course for freshman biology majors. The course is designed to help integrate new biology students into the Department of Biological Sciences, to help them adjust to university life, and to assist them in developing academic and intellectual survival skills using the medium of introductory Biology courses. Each presentation section of this course is led by an academic advisor and an undergraduate teaching intern. The course meets twice a week in groups of approximately 20 students.

BIOL 12100 - Biology I: Diversity, Ecology, and Behavior - Session Offered: Fall

Overview of the unity and diversity of life. We attempt to construct a framework for ordering biology by studying both the shared and specialized modifications of organisms that allow them to adapt to their environment. We also apply biological principles to social, medical and environmental issues. Topics include: diversity of life, respiration, photosynthesis, mitosis/meiosis, Mendelian genetics and complications, natural selection, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, population growth (including humans), interactions among populations (competition, predation, parasitism), biological and genetic control, behavior, and conservation biology.

BIOL 13100 - Biology II: Development, Structure and Function of Organisms - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 13100 introduces embryonic development and examines the functioning of physiological systems of both plants and animals.  The underlying cellular and molecular basis for these processes will be emphasized.  In particular, the transport of molecules and small ions through biological membranes will be studied.  This will require an understanding of membrane structure, diffusion, electrical potentials and other physical and chemical principles.  In addition to the specific topics covered, an important objective of this course will be to connect what is covered to both current and historical research endeavors, to prepare Biology majors for further study in the curriculum of the Department of Biological Sciences.  While students other than Biology majors are welcome, they should be aware that the rigorous approach taken in this course will require considerable time and effort.  A number of problem sets will be posed and students will write and peer review several essays to explain how experimental and quantitative aspects of biology have changed along a historical continuum.  Regular weekly help sessions (run by both the professor and student aids) will be arranged to provide the chance to ask questions and discuss particular points in greater depth than the large lecture format permits.

BIOL 13500 - First Year Biology Laboratory - Session Offered: Fall

Laboratory exercises emphasizing student mastery of basic laboratory skills needed to succeed in the biological sciences; intended for beginning (first-year) biology majors.

BIOL 13500 - First Year Biology Laboratory - Session Offered: Spring

Laboratory exercises emphasizing student mastery of basic laboratory skills needed to succeed in the biological sciences; intended for beginning (first-year) biology majors.

Note:  There are 13 scheduled lab meetings, a lab practical final given during your lab meeting the last week of classes of the semester, and a written final exam given during final exam week. Attendance is mandatory, and there are explicit attendance policies for students to follow.

BIOL 14600 - Introduction to Biology - Session Offered: Fall

This course is designed to introduce non-majors to basic concepts in biology including hypothesis testing, biomolecules, cell structure and function, molecular biology and evolution. Emphasis will be placed on how these topics relate to human health and disease and to the health of the environment. The spring course (BIOL 14700) will build on this information as it focuses on human genetics, reproduction and physiological function. The spring course (BIOL 14700) will offer a one hour recitation instead of a laboratory.

BIOL 14700 - Ins and Outs/Human Body - Session Offered: Spring

This course  will provide an overview of the body and discuss various problems that can occur during and after development.  We will explore the body when everything works as it should (the ins) and when things do not work (the outs).  We will begin with development and work our way through various systems of the body and end with death.  During the semester, we will explore the effects of drugs and alcohol on the developing fetus, growth, addictions, mental health topics, cancer, heart problems, blood pressure changes, clues related to death, and many other topics.  We will introduce the students to current biological topics and provide some background information on the science related to the topics presented.  Our intent is to help the students understand how various treatments and cures bring about a change in the body.  In addition, groups will be assigned a topic to research and write a detailed report which will be presented in small group sections.

BIOL 19500 - CASPiE Introductory Laboratory - Session Offered: Spring

The Center for Authentic Science Practice in Education promotes discovery-based learning and student engagement in research.  This new Biology course will take students through the process of scientific discovery by performing novel research as part of the research program of Purdue University Biology faculty.  Students will participate in studies in the cutting-edge field of molecular evolution. Along the way, students will gain the skills needed to succeed in a major in Biology, experience in teamwork and collaboration, insight into the scientific process, and contribute to the discovery of novel information that could lead to authorship on a research paper.

BIOL 19500 - Biological Investigations for Biology 13100 - Session Offered: Spring

This problem solving course is designed for students who expect to need extra help with the chemistry and log calculations, and mathematical exam study questions for Development, Structure, and Function of Organisms (BIOL13100).  Small groups of students will work together to generate a WIKI with problem set answer keys.  An example from 2009 is online at http://wiki.bio.purdue.edu/biol13100/

BIOL 19500 - Fungi Investigations for Biology 13100 - Session Offered: Spring

This research study group is designed for students who are interested in collaborating to learn about current research related to cheese-making and growing edible fungi: defining a research topic related to economic uses of fungi.  The students will be locating, identifying, and retrieving information resources related to a research question about cheese-making or growing edible fungi, using journals and web resources, evaluating and treating critically the information received, and citing sources. Students in this course will collaborate in using information ethically and legally to write a WIKI about aspects of cheese-making and edible fungi related to Development, Structure, and Function of Organisms (BIOL13100).

BIOL 19500 - Evolution Problems for Biology 13100 - Session Offered: Spring

This research study group is designed for students who are interested in collaborating to learn about current research related to biological evolution: defining a research topic related to evolution research.  The students will be locating, identifying, and retrieving information resources related to a research question about evolution, using journals and web resources, evaluating and treating critically the information received, and citing sources. Students in this course will collaborate in using information ethically and legally to write a WIKI about aspects of evolution related to Development, Structure, and Function of Organisms (BIOL13100).

BIOL 19500 - Medical Problems for Biology 13100 - Session Offered: Spring

This research study group is designed for students who are interested in collaborating to learn about current research related to a particular medical problem: defining a research topic related to the medical problem.  The students will be locating, identifying, and retrieving information resources related to a research question about the medical problem, using journals and web resources, evaluating and treating critically the information received, and citing sources. Students in this course will collaborate in using information ethically and legally to write a WIKI about aspects of the medical problem related to Development, Structure, and Function of Organisms (BIOL13100).

BIOL 19500 - Special Assignments - Session Offered: Fall Spring

19500 (Freshman). Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.

BIOL 19700 - Biology Freshman Honors Seminar - Session Offered: Fall

This class includes discussion of topics related to futures and careers in biology, and current research opportunities in biology. Various faculty members present ongoing research projects being conducted in different areas of biology in Biological Sciences. Students will have an opportunity to visit a research lab. Some in-class projects designed to introduce students how to think as a researcher will also be conducted. Open only to students in the Biological Sciences Honors Program. The credit may be used only toward free electives.

BIOL 20100 - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 20100/20200 is a two-semester course designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body. There will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with. These topics include the basic organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system; respiration; digestion, metabolism, excretion, fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics. The subject matter will be related to relevant questions of clinical or health-related importance. This is the first semester of a two-semester sequence. BIOL 20100 is a prerequisite for BIOL 20200.

BIOL 20100 - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Summer Jun 14-Aug 6

BIOL 20100/20200 is a two-semester course designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body. There will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with. These topics include the basic organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system; respiration; digestion, metabolism, excretion, fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics. The subject matter will be related to relevant questions of clinical or health-related importance. This is the first semester of a two-semester sequence. BIOL 20100 is a prerequisite for BIOL 20200.

BIOL 20200 - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 20200 is the second semester of a two-semester course that includes two 50-minute lectures designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body.  To assist the student in mastering the subject matter, there will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with.  These topics include the organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system, respiration; digestion; metabolism; excretion; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics.  The subject matter will be related to relevant questions of clinical or health-related importance.  This is the second semester of a two-semester sequence.  BIOL 20200/20400 should NOT be taken out of sequence.  Any student wishing to do so must obtain the instructor's permission.

BIOL 20300 - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 20300/20400 is a two-semester 8-credit course designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body. There will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with. For the two semesters, these topics include the organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system; respiration; digestion; metabolism, excretion, fluid; electrolyte and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics. The subject matter will be related to clinical and health-related issues.The laboratory is a hands-on experience designed to complement the lectures. Many labs will use computer assisted data acquisition equipment to carry out experiments on muscle, heart and brain. This is the first semester of a two-semester sequence. BIOL 20300 is a prerequisite for BIOL 20400.

BIOL 20300 - Human Anatomy and Physiology (Nursing Learning Community) - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 20300/20400 is a two-semester 8-credit course designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body. There will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with. For the two semesters, these topics include the organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system; respiration; digestion; metabolism, excretion, fluid; electrolyte and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics. The subject matter will be related to clinical and health-related issues.The laboratory is a hands-on experience designed to complement the lectures. Many labs will use computer assisted data acquisition equipment to carry out experiments on muscle, heart and brain.  This is the first semester of a two-semester sequence. BIOL 20300 is a prerequisite for BIOL 20400. This section of the course is for Nursing Learning Community students only.

BIOL 20300 - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Summer Jun 14-Aug 6

BIOL 20300/20400 is a two-semester 8-credit course designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body. There will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with. For the two semesters, these topics include the organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system; respiration; digestion; metabolism, excretion, fluid; electrolyte and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics. The subject matter will be related to clinical and health-related issues.The laboratory is a hands-on experience designed to complement the lectures. Many labs will use computer assisted data acquisition equipment to carry out experiments on muscle, heart and brain. This is the first semester of a two-semester sequence. BIOL 203 is a prerequisite for BIOL 204.

BIOL 20400 - Human Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 20400 is the second semester of a two-semester course that includes two 50-minute lectures, one recitation in preparation for the laboratory, and one two-hour lab. This course is designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body.  To assist the student in mastering the subject matter, the introductory lectures in BIO 20300 cover the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology.  The topics covered in BIO 20400 include respiration; digestion; metabolism; excretion; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics. The subject matter will be related to relevant questions of clinical or health-related importance.  This is the second semester of a two-semester sequence.  BIOL 20200/20400 should NOT be taken out of sequence.  Any student wishing to do so must obtain the instructor's permission.

BIOL 20400 - Human Anatomy and Physiology (Nursing Learning Community) - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 20400 (Nursing Learning Community)  is the second semester of a two-semester course that includes two 50-minute lectures, one recitation in preparation for the laboratory, and one two-hour lab. This course is designed to give the student a basic understanding of the anatomy, organization and function of the human body.  To assist the student in mastering the subject matter, there will be introductory lectures on the basic concepts of biochemistry and cell biology before the major topics of the course are dealt with.  These topics include the organization of the human body; muscle and bone; the nervous system (including the special senses); the cardiovascular system; respiration; digestion; metabolism; excretion; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance; the endocrine system; reproduction and genetics.  The subject matter will be related to relevant questions of clinical or health-related importance. This is the second semester of a two-semester sequence.  BIOL 20200/20400 should NOT be taken out of sequence.  Any student wishing to do so must obtain the instructor's permission.  This section of the course is for Nursing Learning Community students only.

BIOL 20500 - Biology for Elementary School Teachers - Session Offered: Fall

Unifying concepts of biology taught with materials appropriate for future elementary school teachers. Does not satisfy requirements for school teachers. Does not satisfy requirements for College of Science majors. A major objective of this course is to help students develop the ability to identify, pursue and resolve a scientific problem. This includes making careful observations, accurately recording, organizing, and analyzing data and formulating reasonable databased conclusions. The activities in the course will focus on the topics of ecosystems, biological energy (i.e. photosynthesis and cellular respiration), and cell structure and function.

BIOL 20500 - Biology for Elementary School Teachers - Session Offered: Summer May 17-Jul 10

Unifying concepts of biology taught with materials appropriate for future elementary school teachers. Does not satisfy requirements for school teachers. Does not satisfy requirements for College of Science majors. A major objective of this course is to help students develop the ability to identify, pursue and resolve a scientific problem. This includes making careful observations, accurately recording, organizing, and analyzing data and formulating reasonable databased conclusions. The activities in the course will focus on the topics of ecosystems, biological energy (i.e. photosynthesis and cellular respiration), and cell structure and function.

BIOL 20600 - Biology for Elementary School Teachers - Session Offered: Spring

Continuation of BIOL 20500.  (However, BIOL 20500 is not a pre-requisite for BIOL 20600).  Unifying concepts of biology taught with mateirals appropriate for future elementary school teachers.  Does not satisfy requirements for College of Science majors.

BIOL 22100 - Introduction to Microbiology - Session Offered: Fall

Microbiology is a rapidly expanding field of study, currently drawing information from and contributing information to nearly all the sciences from cellular chemistry to global climate change.  Microbiologists are called upon to address issues in medicine, food science, agriculture and biotechnology.  A thorough introduction to the subject is important for students in many disciplines.  Although Bio 22100 is an introduction, most students will find it a challenging course due to the breadth of science that even basic microbiology encompasses.  We will cover the following topics: biochemistry; microscopy; bacterial physiology; growth and metabolism; growth control ; genetics and its modern applications; immunology; pathogenesis, including specific microorganisms of medical importance; agricultural and environmental microbiology; and food microbiology.  After successfully completing Bio 22100, a student will have the background in microbiology necessary for further study in medicine or allied health sciences, microbial ecology, antimicrobial pharmacology and related disciplines.  He or she will also have an understanding of the microbiological diversity in the biosphere, and be better prepared to appreciate the extent to which microbiology shapes our daily lives.

BIOL 22100 - Introduction to Microbiology - Session Offered: Spring

Microbiology is a rapidly expanding field of study, currently drawing information from and contributing information to nearly all the sciences from cellular chemistry to global climate change.  Microbiologists are called upon to address issues in medicine, food science, agriculture and biotechnology.  A thorough introduction to the subject is important for students in many disciplines.  Although Bio 22100 is an introduction, most students will find it a challenging course due to the breadth of science that even basic microbiology encompasses.  We will cover topics including biochemistry, metabolism, genetics, immunology and pathogenesis, as well as specific medical and environmental microorganisms.  After successfully completing Bio 22100, a student will have the background in microbiology necessary for further study in medicine or allied health sciences, microbial ecology, antimicrobial pharmacology and related disciplines.  He or she will also have an understanding of the microbiological diversity in the biosphere, and be better prepared to appreciate the extent to which microbiology shapes our daily lives.

BIOL 23000 - The Biology of the Living Cell - Session Offered: Fall

This is an exciting time to learn biology! Living cells are highly complex, dynamic, and the products of evolution. In order to understand the biology of the cell, it is necessary to think about the cell in multiple dimensions: the three dimensions of space, the quaternary dimension of inter-molecular interactions, and the dimension of time on the microsecond to millennia scales. An introduction to cell biology builds on a foundation of the physical sciences and explores the complexity of life.

The course is divided into five main subject areas:

1. First Principles. We will review the relevant physical principles of thermodynamics and biological chemistry. The macromolecules that form a cell - proteins, membrane lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates - will be discussed.

2. Bioenergetics (or There's No Free Lunch in Cell Biology). We will discuss how the living cell transduces energy into useful currency. Topics include oxidation, reduction, glycolysis, ATP synthesis, and the harnessing of potential energy across biological membranes to do useful work.

3. The Central Dogma (or information flow). DNA is transcribed to RNA. Messenger RNA is translated to protein. Proteins are often modified post-translationally and targeted to specific locations in the cell.

4. Responding to the Environment. How do cells respond to their environment? We will discuss the different strategies that have evolved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Topics include gene regulation and cellular signaling.

5. Cellular Systems. We will discuss a few examples that illustrate biological complexity. Topics may include cell division, cell motility, and intercellular communication.

BIOL 23100 - BIOL III: Cell Structure & Function - Session Offered: Fall

The underlying principle of BIOL 23100 is that an accurate understanding of cells relies on the ability to describe the workings of individual cellular components.  The more precise the description, the more we know about a particular aspect of the organism.  Cell biology at this level necessarily builds on a foundation of chemistry, physics and math.  Our strategy is to begin with discussions of physical laws that apply to cells and of the individual components of eukaryotic cells.  Building on these first principles we conclude the course with descriptions of how these laws and components come together in particular cellular systems.  The course is divided into three main subject areas.

First Principles includes a review of relevant physical principles of thermodynamics and descriptions of the molecules of the cell (nucleic acids, proteins, membranes).

Bioenergetics and Biosynthesis includes aspects of bioenergetics (oxidation, reduction, ATP production, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis), cell membrane physiology, and protein synthesis.

Cellular Systems includes signal transduction, intercellular communication, the cell cycle, the cytoskeleton, and cell motility and draws on examples including nerve cells, fertilization, muscle, and cilia and flagella.

BIOL 23200 - Laboratory BIOL III Cell Structure and Function - Session Offered: Fall

Students are introduced to the molecular biology of the eukaryotic cell. In the first section students study topics in protein biology and biochemistry such as protein structure, function, isolation, molecular evolution, and the detection and molecular basis of human disease. Techniques used for these experiments include electrophoresis, chromatography, and the Western blot procedure. In the second section students localize enzymes in plant and animal cells, perform cell fractionation procedures, and study the properties of specific cell-surface receptor. Experiments on the properties and structure of DNA are presented in the final section of the course. These exercises stress the organization and complexity of the genome, gene function and regulation, and the structure of the eukaryotic chromosome. Techniques include restriction nuclease mapping and basic DNA cloning techniques. Students also carry out an independent research project of their own design.

BIOL 24100 - Biology IV: Genetics and Molecular Biology - Session Offered: Spring

This course covers basic principles of classical genetics, molecular biology, and population genetics. The classical genetics section includes discussions on Mendelian genetics, linkage and meiotic mapping, sex determination, cytoplasmic inheritance, and chromosomal aberrations.  The molecular biology section continues with discussions on DNA structure and replication, chromosomal organization, transcription, translation, the genetic code, mutations, DNA repair, and transposable elements.  Basic regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression, as well as current developments (recombinant DNA technology, cancer-causing genes, imprinting, developmental genetics) are also presented.

BIOL 24200 - Laboratory Biology IV: Genetics and Molecular Biology - Session Offered: Spring

Experiments performed range from exercises in classical transmission genetics to molecular genetics and recombinant DNA techniques.

BIOL 28600 - Introduction to Ecology and Evolution - Session Offered: Spring

Evolutionary processes and ecological principles associated with individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems.  Topics include genetic drift, natural selection, adaptation, life tables, population dynamics, competition, predation, biodiversity, and ecological stability, with emphasis on natural systems.

BIOL 29300 - Planning Your Future in Biology - Session Offered: Spring

Biology 29300 is a one-credit course designed for sophomores in the Department of Biological Sciences.  This course will help students maximize the remainder of their undergraduate career.  The course will cover biology career information and suggestions for professional development.  Students will learn about the various disciplines that make up modern Biological Sciences.  Students will learn about opportunities in undergraduate research and tour two research laboratories.  In-depth presentations from biology alumni from a variety of fields are featured.  Assignments include a Plan of Study, a resume, and one written paper evaluating the career path of one alumni speaker and describing the student's response to the presentation.

BIOL 29400 - Biology Research - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

BIOL 29400- For Freshman and Sophomores.  Supervised individual research. Project must be approved by the Honors Committee, Department of Biological Sciences. Honors Research program students should register for BIOL 49900.

Please note:  A biology major can earn research credit under BIOL 29400 for working with faculty in Biological Sciences or any other department on campus.  This research must be approved on an "Application for Credit in Undergraduate Research" form, available in the Biology Counseling Office.

Any other major can earn credit under BIOL 29400 for working with faculty in Biological Sciences ONLY.  This research must be approved on an "Application for Credit in Undergraduate Research" form, available in the Biology Counseling Office.  If the student wants to earn research credit with other faculty, the student should seek credit under the course/number of the faculty member's home department.

BIOL 29500 - Biology Lab Outreach - Session Offered: Fall

Are you interested in getting published? Are you interested in teaching as a career? Do you enjoy working with kids? You will have chances to design and implement unique lab experiences for primary- and secondary-school students! Then submit articles evaluating your experience to national education journals!

BIOL 29500 - Special Assignments - Session Offered: Fall Spring

BIOL 29500 (Sophomores) Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.

BIOL 30100 - Human Design: Anatomy and Physiology I - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 30100/30200 is a two-semester study of human structure and function that emphasizes physiology of body tissues and systems and includes relevant aspects of anatomy and histology. Examples from pathophysiology encourage application of knowledge to predict symptoms of disease and rationale for treatment. Topics covered in 30100 include a review of chemistry and cell biology, membrane transport processes, neurophysiology, muscle contraction, communication at synapses, spinal cord and reflexes, sensory and motor pathways in the nervous system, autonomic nervous system, special senses, and the endocrine system.

BIOL 30200 - Human Design: Anatomy and Physiology II - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 30100/30200 is a two-semester study of human structure and function that emphasizes physiology of body tissues and systems and includes relevant aspects of anatomy and histology.  Examples from pathophysiology encourage application of knowledge to predict symptoms of disease and rationale for treatment.

Topics covered in BIOL 30200 include:  composition of the blood and hemostasis, cardiovascular system, respiration (ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport in the blood, regulation of breathing), homeostasis of body fluids and renal function, acid-base balance, digestion and absorption of food, energy balance and nutrition, metabolism and thermoregulation, exercise physiology, and reproduction.

BIOL 39300 - Preparing For Your Future in Biology - Session Offered: Spring

This course will help students begin to prepare for life after Purdue.  Students will learn about interviewing, professional etiquette, job searching, graduate and professional school searching, resumes, personal statements, industrial practices, and how to formulate a career development plan.  Construct a polished image on top of your solid biology foundation!  Get the job or get admitted to the school you want.

BIOL 39500 - Macromolecules - Session Offered: Fall

The course focuses on the comprehensive understanding of macromolecules by providing an introduction to: the types of macromolecules; the biophysical and biochemical properties of macromolecules; how biophysical and biochemical properties are determined; how these physicochemical properties are exploited in various biotechniques. In addition, a brief introduction to methods used to determine the structures of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies will be presented. Next, the knowledge gained will be exploited to understand the physicochemical basis of structure-function relationships in macromolecules. By providing basic knowledge on macromolecules, the course will prepare students for more advanced and specialized courses.

A problem-driven teaching scheme will be adopted to address the properties of macromolecules such as chemical composition, concentration, solubility, mass, size, density, charge, color, absorption, fluorescence, energy, stability, folding, conformation, force, primary sequence, secondary structure, tertiary structure, macromolecular interaction and formation of complexes. The emphasis will be on how macromolecular properties influence structure function relationships, in addition to biophysical methods to determine these properties. Case studies and historical milestones will be used to illustrate these points.

BIOL 39500 - Household Biology & Chemistry - Session Offered: Fall

A course exploring the basic biology and chemistry behind household objects and problems.  What does dirt really consist of?  (You’d be surprised.)  How do cleaning chemicals like ammonia and products like Scrubbing Bubbles and Formula 409 really work?  Why are blood stains red and grass stains green and how do you remove them?  Why are Raid and Roundup effective are killing insects and weeds?  How do disinfectants and hand sanitizers work?  How do household chemicals affect the environment?  What is the difference between hard and soft water and how do water softeners work?  What is insulation made of and how do insulated windows work?  Why is asphalt useful for making roofing and flooring products, while stone and polymers are preferred for kitchen counters?  How are ceramic tiles made and why are they so hard?  A fun way to learn about basic biology and chemistry (with a little physics mixed in).  While exploring these topics we will review basic biology and chemistry topics, including organic and inorganic chemical structure, pH, charge, polarity and hydrophobicity, the structure of cells and organisms, basic biochemistry and metabolism, light, heat and thermodynamics, and the properties of materials.

BIOL 39500 - Principles of Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

This course is designed to provide a foundation in the principles in animal physiology using a comparative approach with an emphasis on cellular mechanisms. Organ systems that will be covered include: nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, muscular, and renal. By the end of the course the students will understand the functioning of the single cells in a system, the role they play in the system of which they are a part, as well as the interplay between systems to achieve the appropriate working conditions for the whole animal.

BIOL 39500 - Great Issues in Genetic Biology - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 39500 - Special Assignments - Session Offered: Fall Spring

39500 (Juniors). Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.

BIOL 39500 - Principles of Development - Session Offered: Spring

This course deals with the process by which the genes in the fertilized egg control cell behavior in the embryo and so determine the nature of the animal or plant.  The emphasis is on early development and the laying down of body plan and organ systems in various model systems (Drosophila, nematoda, Arabidopsis, zebra fish, mouse, chick, and frog).  Laboratory will offer students the experience working with different model systems to observe developmental processes, examine key regulatory gene expression, and manipulate gene functions using different biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches.

BIOL 39600 - Premed Planning Seminar - Session Offered: Spring

Sophomore or Junior year, this course offers information and advice on application processes, aptitude tests, writing personal statements, professional school interviews, and letters of recommendation.  Students in the course will also formulate an alternative career plan.  The class is open to all pre-health students, but will largely focus on medicine, dentistry, optometry, podiatry, and chiropractic medicine.

BIOL 41500 - Introduction to Molecular Biology - Session Offered: Fall

An introduction to modern molecular biology techniques and how they are utilized to address current topics in eukaryotic gene expression. Emphasis will be placed on experimental procedures and model systems, such as site-directed mutagenesis of isolated genes and their subsequent introduction into mammalian cells. Topics will include the molecular control mechanisms associated with RNA transcription and processing, protein-DNA interactions, gene regulation in development and growth control.

BIOL 41600 - Viruses and Viral Disease - Session Offered: Spring

The objective of this course is to provide students with an introductory understanding of viruses and their impact on human health.  The course will be divided into two sections.  During the first section, we will discuss the cellular and organismal events that occur following virus infection, including viral entry, replication, modulation of cell biology by viral proteins, the host immune response to infection, evasion of the immune response by viruses, and resulting virus-induced disease.  The emphasis of this first section will be on the general strategies used by viruses to establish and maintain infection in a population.  In the second section, we will discuss in relative detail our current understanding of select important human viruses including influenza, HIV, smallpox, the herpesviruses, and tumor-causing viruses.  The objective of this section will be to understand how the unique aspects of each virus\'s biology affect the outcome of infection with these pathogens.  In addition to virus-associated diseases, we will discuss potential ways that viruses may provide symbiotic benefits to their hosts and thereby shape the course of human evolution.  Throughout the course, we will emphasize societal and political aspects of virology and virus-derived technologies, including vaccine development, the use of viruses as gene therapy vectors, and the threat of viral bioterror or bio-error.

BIOL 42000 - Eukaryotic Cell Biology - Session Offered: Fall.

The course covers specific topics on the structure and function of eukaryotic cells. The first half of the course includes an analysis of the function of membrane bound organelles (especially the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes). Protein targeting to these organelles is examined in detail. The second half covers muscle and actin-based non-muscle motility, cilia and other microtubule-based movements, and ends with the regulation of the cell cycle and growth control. The course emphasizes the experimental basis for our understanding of organelle function and regulatory events.

BIOL 43200 - Reproductive Physiology - Session Offered: Fall

This course provides an integrated approach to examining how tissues interact to regulate reproductive processes. Each section begins by describing fundamental commonalities of a reproductive event in a variety of species. This is followed by an emphasis on the difference in the details of that event among species. Some of the topics to be covered include ovarian and testicular function, puberty and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, fertilization, establishment of the placenta, maternal support of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation.

BIOL 43600 - Neurobiology - Session Offered: Fall

This course covers key aspects in molecular, cellular, and developmental neurobiology. Topics include: Cell biology of neurons and glial cells, electrophysiological properties of neurons, electrical and chemical signaling between neurons, synaptic integration and plasticity, development and regeneration of the nervous system, nervous system diseases. Up-to-date research findings and techniques will be included. A basic knowledge of cell biology and protein structure and function is strongly recommended.

BIOL 43800 - General Microbiology - Session Offered: Fall

Basic concepts specific to microbial structure/function, nutrition, regulation and growth constitute the first section of the course. The next section involves discussions of microbial diversity centering on mechanisms for generating energy and synthesizing essential cell components. The importance of these mechanisms to environmental cycling of key elements is included. The last section deals with the interaction of bacteria with their environments and includes the role of plasmids and viruses, interactions with plants and pathogenicity.

BIOL 43900 - Laboratory in General Microbiology - Session Offered: Fall

Students will learn how to safely manipulate microorganisms without contamination, how to grow bacteria from laboratory or environmental samples and measure their growth, and how to differentiate species based on the physiological properties of their cells.  They will also learn how to design experiments and interpret experimental results.  Experiments investigate topics including media and plating techniques, bacterial growth measurements, microbial diagnostics, enzyme kinetics and cell physiology.  The course concludes with a short (5 lab periods) independent design project, which students plan and carry out based on literature research. 

BIOL 44100 - Biology Senior Seminar in Genetics - Session Offered: Fall

Students are required to give a half hour talk based on journal articles chosen from a list on current developments in eukaryotic and microbial genetics or a related topic of the student's choice

BIOL 44400 - Human Genetics - Session Offered: Fall

An intermediate level survey course of human genetics with emphasis on the impact of molecular information. We focus not only on the fundamentals of genome organization, function and variation in molecular terms, but extend our understanding to molecular interpretations of patterns of inheritance, genetic disease, diagnosis and treatment.

BIOL 47800 - Introduction to Bioinformatics - Session Offered: Fall

The unveiling of the map of the human genome signals the dawning of the post-genomics age. New technologies and information are rapidly converging to change the way we do science and the way science will impact our culture. Some of these developments include the sequencing of the chromosomal content in an entire organism, high through-put strategies to identify genes whose patterns of expression change in response to the needs of the organism, and advances in the visualization of the structures of the proteins that are encoded by the genes.The course will focus on genome analysis and microarray strategies, and will include a presentation of the context of bioinformatics, the methods of data acquisition, the strategies by which the data are analyzed including the use of appropriate analysis software, and the ways the data are interpreted.

BIOL 48100 - Eukaryotic Genetics - Session Offered: Spring

A study of the processes of genetic continuity in eukaryotes and of the roles of genes in development.  Principles of gene transmission, mutation, organization, and regulation will be discussed using examples from animals, plants, and fungi.  Emphasis will be placed on the power of the molecular and classical genetic approaches to illuminate complex biological phenomena.

BIOL 48300 - Environmental & Conservation Biology - Session Offered: Fall

Intended for mid-level undergraduate biology majors, this course will provide an introduction to the application of ecological principles to environmental issues.  It will introduce fundamental ecological theory and empiricism, and demonstrate their application to practical issues concerning effects of environmental change, at each level of organization from the individual to the ecosystem.  Whole-biosphere issues, such as global warming and global patterns of productivity, will form the umbrella issues for more focused integrations of ecological knowledge centered at the population level to understand the viability of small and threatened populations. The global extinction crisis and the geography of biodiversity will be covered, and the course will focus on particular case studies of threatened ecosystems and analyses of the genetic and demographic stability of populations.  The history and prognosis for the coexistence of human civilizations with the rest of natural ecosystems form the background for applying ecology to policy.

BIOL 49300 - Introduction to Ethology - Session Offered: Fall

Animal behavior is presented from an ethological perspective. Topics include observation and description of natural behaviors, behavior genetics, learning and cognitive processes, biological clocks, sensory abilities, orientation and migration, feeding strategies and defense against predation.

BIOL 49400 - Biology Research - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

BIOL 49400- For Juniors and Seniors. Supervised individual research. Project must be approved by the Honors Committee, Department of Biological Sciences. Honors Research program students should register for BIOL 49900.

Please Note:  A biology major can earn research credit under BIOL 49400 for working with faculty in Biological Sciences or any other department on campus.  This research must be approved on an "Application for Credit in Undergraduate Research" form, available in the Biology Counseling Office.

Any other major can earn credit under BIOL 49400 for working with faculty in Biological Sciences ONLY.  This research must be approved on an "Application for Credit in Undergraduate Research" form, available in the Biology Counseling Office.  If the student wants to earn research credit with other faculty, the student should seek credit under the course/number of the faculty member's home department.

BIOL 49500 - Special Assignments - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

49500 (Seniors). Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.

BIOL 49700 - Biology Honors Seminar - Session Offered: Spring

Required of all Juniors and Seniors in the Honors Research Program.  Optional for other honors research students.  Relevant research seminars and discussions.  Informal presentation and discussion of your ongoing research.  Participation in the Undergraduate Research Day.

BIOL 49800 - Biology Teaching - Session Offered: Fall

Supervised teaching experience for Juniors and Seniors. Must have approval of course instructor in advance.

BIOL 49800 - Biology Teaching - Session Offered: Spring

Supervised teaching experience for Juniors and Seniors.  Must have approval of course instructor in advance. 

BIOL 49900 - Biology Honors Thesis Research - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

Research under the guidance of a scientist. Department approval is required.

BIOL 50000 - Introductory Module: Protein Expression - Session Offered: Fall

Biology 50000 modules are project-oriented courses designed to give the student exposure to laboratory research through a series of five-week modules. During this five-week introductory module, the students will learn the basics of expression, characterization and purification of recombinant proteins in E. coli using SDS-PAGE, Western blot and affinity purification. In the first half of the course, students work initially with a known recombinant DNA construct to learn the essential lab skills. In the second half of the course, students will finish a final project with an unknown construct to identify and purify the protein expressed.

BIOL 50000 - Animal Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

This module involves measurements of respiratory, cardiovascular and renal function.  When appropriate, measurements are made in both rats and humans.

BIOL 50000 - Introductory Module: Protein Expression - Session Offered: Spring

Biology 50000 modules are project-oriented courses designed to give the student exposure to laboratory research through a series of five-week modules. During this five-week introductory module, the students will learn the basics of expression, characterization and purification of recombinant proteins in E. coli using SDS-PAGE, Western blot and affinity purification. In the first half of the course, students work initially with a known recombinant DNA construct to learn the essential lab skills. In the second half of the course, students will finish a final project with an unknown construct to identify and purify the protein expressed.

BIOL 50000 - Introductory Module: Protein Expression - Session Offered: Summer May 17-Jun 18

Biology 50000 modules are project-oriented courses designed to give the student exposure to laboratory research through a series of five-week modules. During this five-week introductory module, the students will learn the basics of expression, characterization and purification of recombinant proteins in E. coli using SDS-PAGE, Western blot and affinity purification. In the first half of the course, students work initially with a known recombinant DNA construct to learn the essential lab skills. In the second half of the course, students will finish a final project with an unknown construct to identify and purify the protein expressed.

BIOL 51100 - Introduction to X-Ray Crystallography - Session Offered: Spring

Analysis of crystal structures by X-ray diffraction methods.  Growth and properties of protein crystals.  Geometry of diffraction.  Measurement of diffraction.  Intensity of diffracted waves.  Symmetry of crystals.  The phase problem.  Isomorphous replacement.  Molecular replacement.  Anomalous diffraction methods.  Structure refinement and analysis.  Crystallography is a primary method for the determination of the structures of biological macromolecules at near atomic resolution.  As such it has a tremendous impact on aspects of biological and biochemical research as diverse as the protein folding problem, the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, the catalytic functions of enzymes, and the design of therapeutic agents to bind to known receptors.

BIOL 51100 is an introduction to the use of crystallography to determine the structures of biological macromolecules and is designed for students with typical backgrounds in biology or chemistry.  The goal is to familiarize students with all aspects of crystallography that are usually encountered in the course of the analysis of a crystal structure, including crystallization methods, aspects of symmetry, diffraction experiments, solving and refining the structure, and building and interpreting a model.  Students who have completed BIOL 51100 should possess sufficient knowledge of crystallography to understand and evaluate the technical aspects of structure determinations reported in the general or biochemical literature.  The course also provides a base for research in crystallography and is recommended as preparation for the advanced crystallography course, BIOL 61100, which is designed for graduate students involved in research in crystallography or related areas of physical biochemistry. 

BIOL 51600 - Molecular Biology of Cancer - Session Offered: Spring

The course begins with a review of the current research techniques used to examine the biology of eukaryotic cells and then covers seminal discoveries in the areas of cell cycle regulation, DNA, and RNA tumor virology, growth factors and their receptors, signal transduction and oncogenes.  For all topics, an emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms governing growth regulation and how alterations in these mechanisms can give rise to disease states such as cancer.  Reading of both historical and current primary literature is required as a supplement to a course textbook.

This course is designed primarily for students interested in professional careers in which a knowledge of molecular biology, as it pertains to growth control and human cancer, would be useful.  There are three scheduled guest lecturers, each of whom presents a seminar on a current cancer research topic in their laboratory.

BIOL 51700 - Molecular Biology: Proteins - Session Offered: Spring

The principles of protein three-dimensional structure are examined.  The course is divided into "theoretical" and "application" sections.  In the theoretical section, general principles of protein structure are discussed in detail.  In the application section, the structural principles learned in the first part of the course are applied to particular protein systems.  Topics covered in the theoretical section of the course include:  covalent structure of proteins; protein secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure; physical forces influencing protein structure; protein surface areas and internal packing; internal motion in protein molecules; protein folding; comparison of protein primary and prediction of tertiary structures; and structural features of integral membrane proteins.

Students use computer graphics to visualize the principles of protein architecture that are described in class, to take quizzes, and to do homework assignments.

BIOL 52900 - Bacterial Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

A detailed consideration of several of the following topics from the primary literature:  function and regulation of central metabolic routes; mechanisms controlling intercellular signaling and differentiation; transport and secretion; specialized metabolism, including photosynthesis, methanogenesis and microbial alternative energy production; evolution and interaction of regulatory systems. 

The course emphasizes metabolic features that are common for all bacteria or for large groups of organisms and is intended for students in many different departments who need an understanding of bacterial physiology.  A major section of the course revolves around genomics and high-throughput techniques such as transcriptomics, proteomics and next-generation sequencing.  As part of this section, students are taught how to use free, web-based computer software that is available for finding and analyzing such information.

BIOL 53300 - Medical Microbiology - Session Offered: Fall

We will first give a brief description of the immune system and its roles in fighting against infection followed by criteria used to determine whether a microorganism is responsible for a disease. We will then discuss pathogenic mechanisms of several groups of important infectious agents, including transmission, route of infection and means to avoid the detection by the immune system. Treatment of infectious disease and the current challenges in this aspect will also be covered. We will also discuss strategies and methods used to study bacterial pathogenesis. Finally, we will briefly describe bioterrorism and biodefense. All topics will be discussed along with reading assignments of relevant up-to-date research articles.

BIOL 53700 - Immunobiology - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 53700 is an introductory course intended for graduate and senior undergraduate students interested to learn why we don't die from a common cold and why you can't always give a kidney to your best friend.  This course will define the role of the immune system in fighting infection, its potential to prevent cancer, and describe how through the use vaccines people can avoid these illnesses.  We will also discuss the other side of the immune system, the one causing problems, such as autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection.

BIOL 53800 - Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology - Session Offered: Spring

From Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease to stroke and neurotrauma, neurological disease and injury present some of the most debilitating and intractable medical problems.  Recent progress in molecular neuroscience has begun to reveal the mechanisms of several human neurological diseases and to suggest potential therapies.  Biology 538 explores topics in basic cellular, molecular and developmental neuroscience and their connections to neural disease and injury.  Readings are derived from the current literature.

BIOL 54100 - Molecular Genetics of Bacteria - Session Offered: Fall

Advanced bacterial genetics, with emphasis on the use of genetics as a powerful and creative intellectual activity that enables us to discover biological functions and to construct new organisms by the manipulation of DNA. Major topics include mutations, genetic selections, recombination, regulatory mechanisms, genomic evolution.

BIOL 54200 - Microbial Pathogenesis - Session Offered: Spring

Successful infection by a pathogen often is mediated by the targeting of host cellular processes by virulence proteins.  The identification of host pathways modulated by the pathogen is critical in the study of the pathogenic mechanisms, thus the design of any therapeutic intervention.

One of the methods to identify these pathways is the use of yeast two-hybrid system.  In this lab module, you will learn the principles of this powerful and widely used method.  The experiments will allow you to understand the rationales of the procedures and to obtain hands-on experience in the screening process.

BIOL 54200 - Animal Cell Culture - Session Offered: Fall

In this five-week module, students will gain experience in the basic principles of mammalian cell culture and gene transfer technologies.  This is an alternate year course, offered in odd numbered years.

BIOL 54200 - Introduction to DNA Sequences - Session Offered: Fall

A survey of the major web databases for accessing DNA sequences and genomes. How to search sequences, how to make alignments, and other very basic bioinformatics.

BIOL 54200 - Bacterial Genetics Laboratory - Session Offered: Fall

Course will provide an introduction to state-of-the art bacterial molecular genetics using the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli as a model cell.

BIOL 54200 - Introduction to LabView - Session Offered: Fall

Biological Science students only except by permission of instructor. Course Content: Introduction to Programming in LabVIEW. Use of LabVIEW in data acquisition, simulation, and control.

BIOL 54200 - Lab in Neurophysiology - Session Offered: Fall

In this five-week module, students will study laboratory methods in electrophysiology by focusing on membrane potential, action potentials and their propagation, and neuromuscular transmission. Students will be introduced to the theory and use of amplifiers, electrodes, data collection and analysis.

BIOL 54200 - Exploration of Protein Structure - Session Offered: Fall

This module is a hands-on exploration of the principles of enzyme structure. Students will use computers to retrieve and inspect protein structures from publicly available databases. Through the performance and analysis of sequence and structural alignments, students will explore the relationship between primary, secondary and tertiary structures and the final active form of a protein.

BIOL 54200 - DNA Sequencing Lab - Session Offered: Fall

In this lab module pairs of students prepare, run, and detect DNA sequencing ladders on miniaturized fast-running sequencing gels. Sequencing reactions are prepared from single-stranded and double-stranded DNA templates. The theory of DNA sequencing is taught, and experience is gained in manually reading the sequence from the sequencing ladders consisting of A,T,G and C lanes. Students learn how to connect to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and do BLAST sequence comparisons of the sequences that they read with DNA sequences in the national database GenBank.

BIOL 54200 - Laboratory in Anatomy and Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

This module will study various organs, and also discuss diseases associated with it.  The heart, brain, kidney, stomach, liver etc. will be studied in detail using histology, dissection, and instrumentation. Emphasis will be placed on problem solving using various case studies. The students will be required to give a presentation.

BIOL 54200 - Microscopy and Cell Biology - Session Offered: Spring

In this five-week module, students will learn how to prepare specimens for viewing by fluorescence microscopy.  Specimens include mammalian tissue culture cells and zebrafish embryos.  The emphasis will be on the staining of the cytoskeleton in these preparations, utilizing antibodies and fluorescent probes.  The specimens will be viewed by wide-field and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.  Images will be acquired, processed and analyzed by modern computational methods.  Students will learn the basics of cell culture, immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, digital image processing and data analysis. At the end of the course, students prepare a PowerPoint presentation of their images and data.

BIOL 54200 - Chromatin Structure - Session Offered: Spring

This five-week project will include the preparation and analysis of animal cell nuclei, the analysis of chromatin structure using nucleases, and the analysis of nuclear proteins by gel electrophoresis.  Differences between the chromatin structure of an active and an inactive gene will be examined using Southern blotting.

BIOL 54200 - Intro to LabView - Session Offered: Spring

Biological Science students only except by permission of instructor. Course Content: Introduction to Programming in LabVIEW. Use of LabVIEW in data acquisition, simulation, and control.

BIOL 54200 - Exploration of Protein Structure - Session Offered: Spring

This module is a hands-on exploration of the principles of enzyme structure. Students will use computers to retrieve and inspect protein structures from publicly available databases. Through the performance and analysis of sequence and structural alignments, students will explore the relationship between primary, secondary and tertiary structures and the final active form of a protein.

BIOL 54900 - Microbial Ecology - Session Offered: Spring

The course will cover a small number of topics in which there has been extensive recent research and emphasizes the physiological responses made by microorganisms to their environment.  The topics include the adaptations made to nutrient limitation and starvation, microbial utilization of xenobiotic compounds, techniques to measure microbial activities in natural environments, metabolic interactions between microbes and other organisms, and the interdependence of microbial, physical, and chemical factors in aquatic ecosystems. Bacteriophage and their role in the environment will also be addressed.  Reading assignments will be made from review articles and primary research articles relevant to the topics.  There will be several class projects that will use molecular methods for evaluating bacterial community structure and the use of bioluminescent organisms for in situ monitoring of microbial physiology and nutrient bioavailability.

BIOL 55000 - Plant Molecular Biology - Session Offered: Spring

This is a survey of plant molecular biology. The course includes discussion of nuclear DNA organization and expression, chloroplast and mitochondrial molecular biology, and a discussion of plant transposons, viruses and tumors. An emphasis is placed on using transgeneic plants as research tools.

BIOL 55900 - Endocrinology - Session Offered: Fall

This course is an investigation into the role of hormones in regulating physiological and biochemical processes. An experimental approach to a variety of topics is emphasized. Topics include: hormone structure and mechanism of action and the role of hormones in regulating homeostasis, growth, development, and reproduction.

BIOL 56200 - Neural Systems - Session Offered: Spring

This course will focus on questions regarding how the functions of the individual cellular components of the nervous system are integrated in the brain and nervous system to produce behavior and higher mental functions.  The course will address the structure and function of specific neural systems such as the motor systems, somatosensory systems, visual and auditory systems, learning and memory, and higher cortical function.  It will draw extensively on subject matter concerning the molecular and cellular biology of the nervous system presented in BIOL 43600, Neurobiology, while combining and integrating this material with the relevant neuroanatomy.

BIOL 57300 - Molecular Biology of Animal Cells - Session Offered: Fall

This course covers techniques and recent and current advances in the molecular biology of animal cells. The organization of the genome, human genetic disease, chromosome structure, and control of gene expression are emphasized.

BIOL 58000 - Evolution - Session Offered: Spring

The course explores evolution as a basic concept of the biological sciences and examines current methods of experimentation within the area, as well as evidences for and possible mechanisms of evolutionary change.

BIOL 58500 - Ecology - Session Offered: Fall

BIOL 58500 is a general course in population and community ecology, designed to build on the coverage of these topics provided in BIOL 12100. Beginning with a review of natural selection, topics include physiological, behavioral, and life history adaptations of animals and plants. "Life tables" provide a bridge to population dynamics: how do intra- and inter-specific competition, predation and parasitism influence population growth and limitation? In turn, how do these processes determine which and how many species can coexist? The final part of the course focuses on the determinants and consequences of biotic diversity.

Emphasis is on basic principles, but the applied consequences are not far in the background: how do life history characteristics influence species\' vulnerability to hunting or habitat loss? How can humans act as "prudent predators" to harvest, but not eliminate, biotic resources? What are the consequences of disturbance and habitat loss for species diversity? What difference does it make to the rest of the community if species are lost?

BIOL 59200 - Evolution of Behavior - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 59200 treats animal behaviors as adaptations, driven by natural selection.  Most of the course therefore deals with the behavior, and especially the social behavior, of animals in natural settings, a field generally termed "behavioral ecology".  We spend the first few weeks reviewing mechanisms of evolution, discussing the assumption that differences in behavior can reflect differences in genes.  We then move on to discuss some examples of specialized behavioral machinery:  "escape" circuitry in invertebrates, directional hearing mechanisms in owls, echolocation by bats, electric communication by fish, specialized learning capabilities required for animal communication and orientation.  Animal communication provides the bridge to social behavior.  Topics covered in the second half of the course include territorial defense, group living, animal conflict, mating systems, social cooperation and altruism, and the processes that might lead to those behaviors.  Examples emphasize birds and mammals but are  broadly chosen to represent unfamiliar, as well as familiar, taxonomic groups.  In the final lecture, we discuss the implications of these ideas for our own behavior.

Two field exercises in observing animal behavior are required.  We attempt to familiarize students with current field research projects by Purdue faculty and graduate students; some students use this course as a springboard to participate in such projects.

BIOL 59500 - Developmental Biology - Session Offered: Fall

Principles of development will be studied in a lecture format course.  Emphasis will be on a pattern formation in model systems, such as Drosophila embryogenesis, vertebrate nervous system, and vertebrate limbs.  A strong background in cell and molecular biology is recommended.

BIOL 59500 - Teaching Evolution: Online Course for Teachers - Session Offered: Fall

This online course will help students deepen their understanding of evolutionary concepts, develop instructional strategies, and address obstacles in the teaching of evolution. Students who successfully complete this course will know: (1) The nature of scientific processes, (2) The value and limitations of scientific process, (3) The scientist's use of terms such as fact, law, theory, and hypothesis,   (4) How multiple forms of evidence are used to test theories, (5) Applications of scientific processes in different situations, and (6) Understand how and why evolution is a cornerstone of biology. The students will (a) Explore teaching methodologies, and address obstacles to teaching evolution (b) Examine how student misconceptions about evolution can be raised and addressed, (c) Understand how assessment strategies are integrated into inquiry-based science lessons, (d) Examine how questions facilitate diverse student thinking about and discussion of science, (e) Identify what it takes to develop a respectful, productive science learning environment, and (f) Understand legal and professional support for teaching evolution.  Four writing assignments, weekly online discussions, weekly quizzes, frequent online peer reviews, collaborative design of a teaching unit, and a final exam are required.

BIOL 59500 - Methods & Measurements in Physical Biochemistry - Session Offered: Fall

This course is intended as an introduction to physical methods in biochemistry and aims to provide an understanding of the techniques of spectroscopy, diffraction, magnetic resonance and other physical methods.  The purpose of the course is to expose students to the application of these techniques to specific problems in biological systems, the interpretation of the resulting data, and analysis of the strengths and limitations of each technique.  Examples from research articles will be discussed that illustrate how these methods are used in modern biochemistry.  Given the scope of the course, each topic will be treated only at the level of an introduction to the method.  Students interested in studying these techniques in-depth could then take more specialized or advanced courses such as BIOL 511 (x-ray crystallography), CHEM 631 (Magnetic resonance spectroscopy), BIOL 595R/S (Electron microscopy of macromolecules), or other special topics courses to be offered by the faculty.

Analysis of techniques used in physical measurements of biological systems.  Application of these techniques to studies of structure and dynamic behavior of biological macromolecules, composition and orientation of structural elements and cofactors, ligand binding and conformational change in biological interactions and detailed probes of local changes in structure, solvent accessibility and specific bonds formed in biological reactions.  Specific techniques to be covered are:  UV/Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, IR and Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, neutron diffraction, light scattering, scattering from ordered materials, x-ray crystallography, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, mass spectroscopy.  Comments:  Although designed for students in biochemistry and biophysics, this course is also appropriate for upper level undergraduates and graduate students in the areas of chemistry and physics who are interested in the applications of physical methods to biological problems.

BIOL 59500 - Physiology BioDesign Laboratory - Session Offered: Fall

This physiology laboratory course will provide an opportunity for undergraduates from both the College of Engineering and the College of Science (Department of Biology) to experience and learn how to operate effectively as part of an interdisciplinary team to address physiological problems in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and in biological transport.    Specifically it will emphasize how these teams can use information, tools, techniques, and theories from their disciplines to solve problems that are beyond the scope of any single discipline. In this process, the students will develop an appreciation of both engineering design and the classic hypothesis-driven experimental science as tools to solve complex real-world problems.  This course will promote effective communication, systems thinking, laboratory skills, self-management, and professional ethics.  Students will learn to measure and quantify biological changes, analyze data (including statistical analysis) and interpret its meaning as it applies to the larger physiological question at hand.  These skills will be necessary for teams of engineering and bioscience students to efficiently function in an interdisciplinary setting both in future courses and more importantly when they enter the workforce. 

BIOL 59500 - Cell Biology of Plants - Session Offered: Fall

This lecture course, aimed at upper division undergraduates and graduate students, will cover aspects of cellular biology which are fundamental to our understanding of plant growth, differentiation and development.  The course content assumes that the student will have a strong background in the cell biology of eukaryotes, and some exposure to basic problems in plant biology.  Topics to include:  techniques of modern cell biology; cell division and cell cycle regulation; cytoplasmic streaming and intracellular motility; structure and function of peroxisomes, vacuoles, cell walls, and plastids; protein import, cell-cell communication and plasmodesmata.

BIOL 59500 - Integrated Science & Native American Culture - Session Offered: Fall

Special work, such as directed reading, independent study or research, supervised library, laboratory, or field work, or presentation of material not available in the formal courses of the department. The field in which work is offered will be indicated in the student's record.

BIOL 59500 - Sensory Ecology - Session Offered: Spring

The course covers the adaptive significance of sensory information as it relates to ecological interactions in animals.  Topics will include an overview of sensory systems, aspects of predator-prey relationships, sexual selection, communication, perception of environmental cues, and animal movement patterns.

BIOL 59500 - Bioinformatics Computing & Systems Integration - Session Offered: Fall

This is a graduate-level course for students interested in the application of computational methods and information technology in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and life sciences arena. An overall understanding of information technology and systems is assumed, as well as an in-depth knowledge of one or more areas of information technology.

BIOL 59500 - Introduction to Bioinformatics - Session Offered: Fall

This course is designed for graduate students to be taken in conjunction with the BIOL 47800 (Introduction to Bioinformatics) lecture course. It provides additional background in bioinformatics by focusing on reading and critical analysis of classic and current papers from the bioinformatics literature. While intended primarily for graduate students, this course would be appropriate for well-prepared undergraduates, especially those contemplating graduate studies in computational biology or bioinformatics. This course is not a programming course and would be beneficial for graduate students in any area of molecular or cellular biology in which computational analysis is important. This course covers the same topics as BIOL 47800, including sequence comparisons, database searching, genomics, microarrays, protein structure, etc.

BIOL 59500 - Integrated Science & Native American Culture - Session Offered: Spring

Special work, such as directed reading, independent study or research, supervised library, laboratory, or field work, or presentation of material not available in the formal courses of the department. The field in which work is offered will be indicated in the student's record.

BIOL 59500 - Lab in Crystallography - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 59500 - Special Assignments - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

59500 (Seniors/Graduate). Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.

BIOL 59500 - Protein Bioinformatics - Session Offered: Spring

Accumulation of biological data, such as genome sequences, protein structures and sequences, metabolic pathways, opened up a new way of research in biology - bioinformatics.  Through the survey of the various active research topics in bioinformatics, in this course we will learn bioinformatics databases, tools, and algorithms behind these tools.  Special emphasis is placed on protein sequence and structure analyses.  Covered topics will include methods for protein sequence comparison, protein structure comparison, protein structure prediction/modeling, protein docking prediction, protein function prediction, and protein network analysis.

BIOL 59500 - Practical Biocomputing - Session Offered: Spring

Electronic resources and high-throughput technologies are transforming biology; becoming a "power use" of these resources is essential for all graduate students in biology today.  Unfortunately, these resources are often incomplete (requiring various sources to be combined), massive (making it difficult to find the specific information one is seeking) or in the wrong format (making them difficult to use).  This course will teach how to use the Perl programming language to find and retrieve information, to develop user-agents to process information using new and existing programs, how to create relational databases for storing information, and how to make information available via dynamic websites.
This course is designed for beginning graduate students in the life sciences, but would be a useful addition of most biology undergraduate majors.  Prior computer programming experience is not required.

BIOL 59500 - Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory - Session Offered: Spring

Principles of Electron Optics; Instrument Design and Construction; Microscope Operation and Alignment; Image Recording and Photographic Theory; Related Techniques and Instrumentation; Biological Specimen Preparation Overview.

BIOL 59500 - Transmission Electron Microscopy Theory - Session Offered: Spring

Two focus areas.  Students can choose either one of the areas.  First area is a rudimentary introduction to high-resolution electron microscopy of macromolecules.  Upon completion of the course, a student should be able to examine negatively stained samples and to record publicaiton-quality images.  Though some training in cryo-electron microscopy will be given, students will not be sufficiently proficient in this technology without advanced training.  The second area is a practical introduction to preparation of cells and tissues for TEM evaluation of ultrastructure.  Staining, fixation, embedding and sectioning techniques will be covered.  It is expected that students enrolled in this course will need this technique for their reserach in the near future.

BIOL 59500 - 3D Reconstruction of Macromolecules - Session Offered: Spring

Introduction to the theory and practical image processing and 3-D reconstruction techniques used to solve structure of macromolecules.  Analysis of 2-D crystal, helical filament, single particle, and tomographic cryo-EM images will be covered.

BIOL 59700 - Sex and Evolution - Session Offered: Fall

Lectures cover various theoretical and empirical aspects of sexual reproduction from an evolutionary perspective.  Topics include:  Why did sexual reproduction evolve?  What different modes of reproduction exist?  How is the sex of an individual determined in different organisms?  What sex ratio should exist in different species?  What is sexual selection, and how does it influence male and female characteristics in various species?  How does sexual selection influence human social behavior?  Discussion meetings critically evaluate recent literature. This is an alternate year course, offered in odd numbered years.

http://bilbo.bio.purdue.edu/www-ecology/faculty/howard/biol597.html

BIOL 59900 - Quantitative Physiology - Session Offered: Spring

This course is designed to give upper division Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineers the ability to quantitatively understand the physical and chemical factors that are responsible for living systems.  Normal relationships, both empirical and theoretical, will be covered primarily.  This foundation in normal physiological systems will also be complemented by subsequent topics on system pathologies.

BIOL 60000 - Bioenergetics - Session Offered: Fall

Energy transduction in biological membranes: physical chemical foundations; electron transfer, proton translocation; and active transport. Atomic structures of integral membrane protein complexes responsible for respiratory, photosynthetic generation of electrochemical potential; ATPase motor, and structure-based mechanisms.

BIOL 61100 - Crystallography of Macromolecules - Session Offered: Fall

The special techniques required in the structure determination of biological macromolecules. Symmetry of macromolecules. Data collection and processing. The isomorphous replacement technique. The molecular replacement technique. Use of anomalous dispersion. Restraint and constraint refinement. Computational techniques. Instructor approval is required

BIOL 62000 - Advanced Topics in Eukaryotic Cell Biology - Session Offered: Spring

A study of current areas of cell biological research, including the cytoskeleton, the regulation of the cell cycle, and the functions and dynamics of membrane-bound organelles.

BIOL 64700 - Membrane Proteins - Session Offered: Spring

This course will focus on the structural basis of the functions and dys-functions of diverse membrane proteins, analyzed by x-ray, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.  The functions will include transport, biogenesis, and trans-membrane signaling.  Unique problems associated with the structure analysis of integral membrane proteins will be discussed.

BIOL 65200 - Advanced Ecology Discussion - Session Offered: Fall

Special work, such as directed reading; independent study or research; supervised library, laboratory, or field work; or presentation of material not available in the formal courses of the department. The field in which work is offered will be indicated in the student\'s record. Primarily for Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 65300 - Advanced Evolution Discussion - Session Offered: Spring

Weekly meetings to discuss and evaluate seminal papers in the fields of evolution and population biology.  Each participating member is responsible for two meetings, chooses the papers and guides discussion.  As in any graduate discussion class, students must participate rather than just attend for experience.  During the last week, students will critically evaluate a contemporary paper on a topic related to the "classic" papers discussed during the semester.  Students will have a choice among papers submitted by participating faculty members; their critique will be assessed on content, originality, rigor, and clarity.

BIOL 66200 - Seminar Methods in Professional Development I - Session Offered: Fall

Special work, such as directed reading; independent study or research; supervised library, laboratory, or field work; or presentation of material not available in the formal courses of the department. The field in which work is offered will be indicated in the student\'s record. Primarily for Ph.D. candidates

BIOL 66300 - Seminar Methods & Professional Development II - Session Offered: Spring

This course is a continuation of BIOL 66200 and expands the introduction for incoming graduate students to methods of seminar presentation and critique and to various guidelines for professional development during their graduate school experience.  Topics include seminar topic selection and 20-minute seminar design. Tutorials on electronic services at the P. U., Library and Citation Management Programs, and evaluating classmate presentations.  Using the skills learned the previous semester, each student is required to make a 20-minute PowerPoint presentation to the class based on a pre-approved topic of their choice.  The speaker is asked questions and the presentation receives written evaluations by all members of the class.  Each student practices with Prof. Levy prior to the public presentation.  The course also continues to socialize the incoming cohort of students among themselves and with more senior students in the braod range of research disciplines available.

BIOL 69100 - Biological Research Methods - Session Offered: Fall Spring

Open to graduate students in the Department of Biological Sciences and designed primarily for students in their first year of graduate study. The course consists of two laboratory assignments, each of which lasts about two months. Students may take one or two of these per semester. During each laboratory assignment, the student will be exposed to methods, equipment, and experimental procedures currently in use in a particular departmental research laboratory selected by the student and through arrangement with the professor in charge of that laboratory. This course may be repeated for credit.

BIOL 69500 - Fundamentals of Cellular Neurobiology - Session Offered: Fall

This course is intended as a first course in cellular neurobiology for graduate students from a wide range of disciplines. Topics will include electrical properties of neurons, the ionic basis of the action potential, ion channel structure and function, synaptic release, neurotransmitters and neurohormones, neurotransmitter receptors and transduction mechanisms, sensory receptors, neural induction, patterning of the embryonic nervous system, neural growth and trophic factors, neural stem cells, axon guidance, and synaptic plasticity during development. Course material will primarily involve lectures and assigned textbook readings, but will also include homework problems based on selected readings of the primary literature, computer-based simulations of neurophysiology, and discussions with short papers related to ethical issues in the field of neuroscience. Pre-requisites are an undergraduate major in Science or Engineering that included a college level course in Physics as well as a course in Cell Biology or Biochemistry. Students lacking this basic background may be admitted with the permission of the instructor, if they are willing to backfill some basic material with extra readings. The course is not recommended for students who have taken a previous course in cellular neurobiology at the undergraduate level.

BIOL 69500 - New Assessment Tools for Biology Classes - Session Offered: Spring

Seminar on building questions/problems with an assessment tool ideal for large enrollment biology classes. This seminar is for graduate students who are teaching assistants in our department or who have plans to teach biology classes as a faculty member at another college or university. Participants in this seminar will be paired with one of our faculty teaching a large enrollment biology class with the sole purpose of translating their "old fashioned" homework problems into LON-CAPA questions and problems. This seminar will cover the authoring of LON-CAPA questions and problems with all enrollees building a portfolio of questions/problems that will be used in a course offered by our department during the '10-'11 academic year, or later.

BIOL 69500 - Career Development - Session Offered: Spring

BIOL 69500 - Ethics: Life & Times in Research Labs - Session Offered: Spring

Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.  This seminar will be a discussion of the everyday "real-life" ethical problems that arise in basic research laboratories, in the Life Sciences and elsewhere.  The discussion is not recommended for students with relatively little research experience, i.e., 1st-2nd year.

BIOL 69500 - Special Assignments - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

69500 (Graduate). Reading, discussions, written reports, seminar presentations, and field or laboratory work provided for enrichment in special areas of the biological sciences.

BIOL 69500 - Cell, Molecular & Developmental Study - Session Offered: Spring

Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Qualifier Exam Course.

BIOL 69500 - Advanced Molecular Virology - Session Offered: Spring

This course is an in-depth study of viral replication strategies, viral evolution, and virus-animal host interactions.  Lectures will cover the structure of virions and viral genomes, genome replication and transcription, viral RNA processing and translation, and virion assembly.  The viral life cycle, the origins of virus-associated disease, including transformation, and the host response to viral infections will be explored.  Methods for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, including AIDS, will be investigated.  Discussion of recent articles from the primary literature will promote the understanding of cutting-edge research in virology.

BIOL 69600 - Seminar Microbiology - Session Offered: Fall

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student's record will indicate the specific seminar(s) in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 69600 - Seminar Lipids & Disease - Session Offered: Spring

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student's record will indicate the specific seminars in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 69600 - Computational & Systems Biology - Session Offered: Spring

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student's record will indicate the specific seminars in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 69600 - Seminar Crystallography - Session Offered: Fall

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student\'s record will indicate the specific seminars in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 69600 - Seminar Ecology and Population Biology - Session Offered: Fall

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student\'s record will indicate the specific seminar(s) in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 69600 - Seminar Cell & Development - Session Offered: Spring

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student\'s record will indicate the specific seminars in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

The topic of the CMD Seminar this year will be the role of small RNAs in homology-dependent gene silencing in animal, plant, fungal, and (perhaps) bacterial systems.  Students will present papers discussing the nature of various small RNAs (microRNAs, siRNAs, ta-siRNAs, etc.), their various modes of action (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational silencing), the various components of the RISC, RITS, and other silencing complexes and how these complexes are generated, viral anti-silencing mechanisms, and the roles that homology-dependent gene silencing play in development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.  The time of the seminar will be worked out among the students and instructor.

BIOL 69600 - Structural Seminar - Session Offered: Spring

Each semester there are several separate seminar offerings. They will likely be on the following topics: biochemistry, crystallography, ecology and population biology, genetics, mechanisms of development, microbiology, neurobiology, and plant physiology. The student\'s record will indicate the specific seminars in which he/she has participated. Oral presentations required. At least two credits are required of Ph.D. candidates.

BIOL 69800 - Research MS Thesis - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

Research MS Thesis. Permission of instructor required.

BIOL 69900 - Research PH.D. Thesis - Session Offered: Fall Spring Summer

Research PhD Thesis. Permission of instructor required.